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BEWEGING EX-MOSLIMS VAN BELGIË - MOUVEMENT DES EX-MUSULMANS DE BELGIQUE

WORDT VERVOLGD !

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Linda Bogaert writes :

According to Family Law, the man has the obligation to financially care for his family: the man as the breadwinner. He is obliged to provide for all the family expenses and must conduct his affairs in keeping with the nature of his assets. For example, a wealthy husband cannot order expensive tailored suits for himself and buy only cheap off-the-rack clothing for his wife and children:








"Let her reside where you reside, according to your means (...) The wealthy man must make his contribution in keeping with his wealth and he who must live in moderation must contribute from what God has granted him. ..." (Quran 66: 6-7)

In contrast, the woman has no financial obligations. Rather to the contrary, Family Law stipulates that her financial needs and those of her children be satisfied. This obligation to care for her is the responsibility of her father or her husband or her brother, and so forth and so forth, depending on the individual’s circumstances.



















































A woman may choose to be a housewife.
















As a mother, her tasks are very highly respected:
A man approached the Prophet Mohamed and asked him: O Messenger of Allah, who amongst people is most worthy of my companionship? The Prophet said : your mother. The man then said: and who after her? The Prophet said: your mother. The man asked further, inquiring who came next? Only then did the Prophet say: your father. (Bukhari)







































Our  comment :

The husband is made responsible for everything, the woman for nothing. This is valid in financial matters as well as for what pertains to decisions to be taken with regards to family matters, both concerning the children and the wife herself. The man decides whom his daughters may wed and whether to allow his wife to leave the house.

A painful example happened in 2008 in Saudi-Arabia when a man married off his 8-year old daughter and the girl’s mother, his ex-wife, was not legally entitled to demand a divorce for her daughter. Under Islamic Law, only the father is entitled to apply for a divorce for an under-age child, which this father did not want to do since it was he who had married her off in the first place.

For your information: Verses 66:6-7 given in reference by Linda pertain to an entirely different topic.




In practice, Islamic Law prescribes what a husband ought to provide for his wife, wherein her own living standard prior to her marriage is taken as the norm to follow.

Linda does present everything rather through rosy-coloured glasses. She talks about the husband’s “obligation to care for his wife. How’s this? Are men and women not supposed to be equal?? I guess,  not really!!

In real life, this often results in a wife’s unhealthy dependency on her husband, unless she has access to adequate personal financial resources (e.g., through inheritance) to see her through the rest of her life. She is forced then to keep a stiff upper lip and tolerate monsieur’s behaviour, for instance when he brings home wife number two, three, or four. In most Islamic countries, the Sword of Damocles hovers uncomfortably above the wife’s head. She knows this and so does her husband. At the moment, this is still a distant cloud on Belgium’s horizons. At least, until here also we see the introduction of the Shariah, once the “social platform” has spread far and solidly enough to support it.

The man is the breadwinner and responsible for all of the expenses of the entire family, including the wife. If a woman works, receives, or inherits property or possessions or whatever, she gets to keep everything for herself. Regardless of the amount of money she may possess, she need not spend a single penny of it on her own family. In principle, the husband must also pay for child day care in case his wife works; she in turn can keep her entire salary for herself.

But there is a price to pay for all of this. In Islam, man and wife are not equal partners and the wife owes obedience to her husband.

This is written in the notorious verse 4.34:

“Men are the maintainers of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property; the good women are therefore obedient, guarding the unseen what Allah has placed under their guardianship “

Therefore, if the husband does not want his wife to work all day long and return home at night only to fall asleep on the couch, exhausted, while he has to do the dishes or change diapers, he can simply tell her to stop working and to stay home so that she may in the evenings be in good shape to „please“ him.

If she refuses, he simply takes recourse to the Islamic Court and the Judge will undoubtedly set the wife straight as to where her place is in the family. Possibly, the Judge may also have her employment contract dissolved.

In reality, it is the husband who decides if the wife OUGHT to be a housewife or not. As a husband, you would be crazy to have your wife go to work if she does not make any contribution to the welfare of the family. When she goes to work, she’s ‘hanging around’ with men all day long and she might come to the conclusion that he is actually a bit of a simpleton (every man’s fear) and eventually start thinking of ‘alternatives’.

If the wife has no money or income of her own, she is totally dependent on her husband and his power weights even more heavily upon her.

Linda thus confuses one thing with another. It appears she has not yet had a close look at how the Islamic system is working out in real life.

Moreover, what Muhammad thought about mothers is likewise not all that relevant to defining the relationship between a husband and his wife. How a man’s appreciation for his mother plays out in practice, we shall now illustrate with an example from real life:

Ahmed is 40 and the oldest of 4 children. He just got married to Azza who is 19. Ahmed has married late in life since it was only at the age of 40 that he had enough money to purchase a house. It is the man’s duty to provide the house, the furniture, et cetera. You remember that obligation to take care of things!

Since Ahmed’s father had been ailing for a long time prior to his death, Ahmed was in no position to save a lot of money. As he has 3 sisters, he alone was responsible for the medical care for his old, sick father, aged 80. The sisters are employed as well but they need not contribute even as much as a penny, given the rules governing the Islamic society in which they live. Ahmed made good money and he considered it an honour to be able to take care of his father. The sisters WERE NOT ALLOWED to contribute anything.

The father died and Ahmed inherited 2/5 of the house. He is entitled to double of what his sisters get but since there are three of them, he only inherited 2/5. The sisters demanded their share and the paternal house was sold. Aside from his inheritance, Ahmed managed some savings and has purchased a small 2-bedroom house.

Ahmed marries Azza and his mother moves in with them. Mum is 60 and suffers from health problems. Ahmed’s father married late in life, hence the big age-difference with his mum.

Before her marriage, Azza was employed and Ahmed told her she could continue working. This way, she could assist her mother, who also was burdened with a lot of medical expenses. In contrast to Ahmed’s sisters, Azza wants to support her parents financially. She does not have any brothers. One year into the marriage, Ahmed’s mother becomes bedridden. Unfortunately, Ahmed doesn’t earn enough to engage the services of a homecare nurse. And, there is also the fact that Azza comes home in the evenings dead-tired and is not interested in doing „anything“.

That leaves Ahmed with no other choice but to order his wife to stop working. This suits him rather well (he has a vigorous wife in the evenings), and Azza can look after his mother.

The problem is that Azza and her mother-in-law don’t get along very well. Muma wants to arrange the house differently from Azza and her ideas are quite unorthodox.

Since Ahmed is a good Muslim, he does what his muma tells him to do. His mother may already suffer from a bit of dementia, but still ... Did not his Prophet teach him to place his mama in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd rank, his wife coming in only 4th? When mum says something is white, it is white, even though Azza may say it is actually black.

In time, tensions are building up in the household.
Linda Bogaert writes :

The wife in Islam is given the right to undertake employment, to earn an income, to possess property in her name, to inherit, to conclude legal contracts, to engage in commerce, and to manage her own affairs in the way she herself desires. For the same endeavour, she receives the same reward as the husband.

She can also run her own business, and nobody – not even her husband - can lay claim to the assets or the income of his wife. The income she earns is wholly and exclusively hers, and hers alone. She need contribute nothing to the costs of the family, given that the financial obligation for the family is her husband’s responsibility. In other words: even when the wife has personal assets or earns personal income, the husband remains obliged to provide for his wife and his children’s financial needs, although the wife is obviously not excluded from making her own contribution to the family expenses. But she is NOT obliged to do so.


























In this context, the meaning of a number of Quran verses now becomes clear:
“ Men are {qawwamuuna} of women because Allah has made some of them to excel others and because they spend out of their property;...”
(Quran 4:34 – the rest of this verse will be elucidated further in this article)

We remind the reader that the only true Quran is the Arabic Quran as it was revealed to Muhammad. A translation of the Quran is not considered to be the Quran itself, but only “an interpretation of the meaning of the Quran by a translator”.





The oft-used translation that men are "business managers" for women is a poor choice and may lead to a wrong interpretation of this verse. Women manage their own business, perform their own jobs, manage their own money, etc. Moreover, all the assets that a woman possesses are inviolable, out of bounds to the husband. The Arabic text in the above verse uses the word {qawwam}.

This is a form of {qaim}  which means : to take care of, to be responsible for (the general wellness, physical, emotional, financial, etc.). It is in that sense that the verse has to be understood. The verse thus says that men need to take care of women.









In order for this obligation to take care to be fulfilled, God has favoured "the one (man) over the other (woman) because men have given of their possessions (to provide for the women)". This privilege is thus only related to the obligation to provide care. It is in keeping with verse 4:11 from which it appears that man is not favoured in the sense of his being superior to the woman but is privileged in his right to inheritance (and only there). He, in effect, receives a larger share since he is saddled with heavier financial burdens and bears all of the ensuing expenses. In Islam, a son receives two parts of an inheritance while a daughter receives one :

"Allah enjoins you concerning your children: The male [child] shall have the equal of the portion of two females;..." (Quran 4:11)

We see that the son is obliged, when reaching manhood, to use his double share to "provide for the care" of a whole group of individuals beside his own upkeep (his wife, his children, possibly also his mother if his father has died, etc). Although the daughter, when mature, bears no financial burden or obligation to provide care to others and, rather, is being financially looked after, Islam allots her part of the inheritance. The part she receives, albeit smaller, is exclusively and entirely for herself and need not be shared with anybody.

The fact that the man is financially privileged in his inheritance right does not bestow upon him any superiority or dominance over the woman; rather, it places upon him extra responsibilities that he cannot and must not shirk.

Men are enjoined to spend abundantly on their families:
It is reported by Abu-Darda (radhiallaho anho) that the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) enjoined me: "Spend as much as possible on your family." (Kanz)

When a woman finds that her husband is too stingy, she may herself take what she feels reasonable for her needs – even without his knowledge:

'Aisha narrated that Hint bint 'Utba said: "O God’s Apostle. Abu Sufuan is a miser and provides not enough for me and my children. Can I take from his possessions without his knowledge?" The Prophet said : "Take what is enough for you and your children, but the amount that you take must be just and equitable” (Bukhari).












Neglecting his obligation to provide care has consequences for the man, not only in the hereafter but also in the present. Failure to provide adequately for wife and children is one of the grounds a wife can invoke to file for divorce (Quran 65:6-7).










The fact that a man is charged with this obligation to provide care does not at all release him from participation in household tasks. Following the example set by the Prophet, who undertook some of the daily chores in the home (such as repairing clothes or making the bed), men in Islam are encouraged to help their wives with household tasks, regardless of whether the woman is a housewife or employed at a job.


Moreover, looking after the household generally is not an obligation imposed upon the woman -  although in practice it is often the case that when the man is the breadwinner, the woman takes care of the home. She is not, however, obliged to do so. Legally, a marriage is not a contract of servitude but an engagement or commitment between two equals.
Our  comment :

At least, if her husband gives his permission for her to do all of those things. Verse 4.34 does state that a wife must obey her husband. A man can, for instance, forbid his wife to go to work when he fears that, because of her employment, she will no longer be capable of fulfilling her ‘marital duties’.


And, we should add, on condition that her husband allows her to leave the house.

The Quran states, in effect, that it is preferable that the wife stay at home unless for a good reason not to. Working and earning is not included in that. This is the exclusive obligation of the husband.

33.33. Remain inside your homes and do not expose your beauty as in the past days of ignorance; dutifully say your prayers, pay the Zakaat, and practise obedience to Allah and His Apostle. O members of the family, Allah only wants to keep you free of all uncleanliness that you may become without blemish and pure.

An added difficulty for our esteemed muslim sister engaged in business is that she may never be alone with a man, for instance for a meeting or an interview, and that a male family member must always accompany her when she goes on a business trip. This is established in the following Hadith of Bukhari 4.52. 250:

Narrated Ibn Abbas: That he heard the Prophet say "A man is not permitted to be in seclusion with a woman, and no woman may travel except with a mahram (e.g., her husband, or a person she can never marry, e.g., her father, brother, ...)."

If the husband is afraid of his wife’s coming in contact with other men, he can simply compel her to stay home.

My dear Linda, is the wife then without obligations towards her husband? Do you consider the Islamic system just where the wife can do what she wants while her husband works his fingers to the bone? This has really nothing to do with justice, does it?

This quoted verse clearly shows us that men are superior/privileged vis-à-vis women and for that reason they have to take care of them. Are women incapable of doing that? I personally am strongly inclined to think the opposite!



All of this is obviously pure twaddle. There are as many debates about the Arabic original Quran as there are about the translations. This simply is the case because the Quran has been “revealed” on the occasion of specific events. If one doesn’t know those events, one cannot understand the Quran, be it in Arabic or English or in whatever language. The Arabic version is itself open to interpretation and elucidation.

Qawwammoena’ is never translated as “business managers”, but general as “guardians” or some other term bearing that kind of connotation, e.g., maintainers.





The reverse side of the coin is that a woman ‘must’ always obey a man from the family, be it her husband, father, brother, and that, with the exception for what concerns the management of her personal assets, she has no voice in family affairs. In the end, the man assumes ultimate responsibility for everything and, under Islamic Law, he receives the resources to do so. In nearly all Islamic countries, to get married, a woman needs the consent of one of the male members of her family (even if she is already 80) or to travel (passport, exit-visa, ...). But this surely makes sense! If a woman were simply and without much ado permitted to get married or to go on a trip, how can one expect a man to acquit himself properly of his obligations?

Linda, what are we to think now? Is the man privileged or not, yes or no? Following your train of thought as expounded above, to you, the answer is Yes! Is marriage a commitment between equals?? Again according to you, clearly not.

What then is the relevance of your statement that all of this pertains solely to the obligation to provide care? What aspects are you thinking of in the relationship between man and woman other than this particular “obligation”?

Of course the man is privileged. End of discussion. Allah has created him superior to the woman so that he can look after his family. Except in the case of Khadidja, since it was she who was actually looking after Muhammad.


This is all quite logical in terms of a quid pro quo!










Does the fact that the woman must obey her husband – but not the reverse – not point to a position of superiority or dominance?


Eventually having to share things amongst four wives, each one with a number of kids.







The Hadith quoted to prove that, if a man is stingy with his money, his wife is permitted to lay her hands on it, is, once again, misleading. It is, in fact, not about ‘being stingy’ but about ‘not giving enough’. Presumably this includes food, drinks, or clothing. This can objectively be observed: the children are hungry, thirsty, and cold; their clothes resemble rags ... For that reason, Islamic Law prescribes to how much food, drinks, and clothing a wife is legally entitled, as stated in this shariah handbook in Chapter m11 on p 542 to 545. In the 21st century this is clearly ridiculous. According to the rules set down there, you can provide for a wife for 100 Euro per month if you don’t allow her outside the house.

As is her habit, Linda gives her own misleading explanation on the matter in order to prove ... whatever she wants to prove.

One of the major inequalities between the rights accorded to husbands and wives is that the man need not offer a reason for divorcing his wife or for replacing one wife with another (quite pathetic!) according to Quran verse 4.20:

“And if you wish to have (one) wife in place of another and you have given one of them a heap of gold, then take not from it anything; would you take it by slandering (her) and (doing her) manifest wrong?”

Without apparently being aware of it, Linda makes it clear that a wife must have a good reason for getting a divorce, and she cites one such reason, namely when the husband stops feeding his wife or children.

The wife need neither take responsibility for the family’s income nor for the household, yet Linda blatantly presents the Islamic marriage as “a commitment between equals”.
This is known as ‘cognitive dissonance’. The man truly has to do everything. Now we can only wait for demonstrations and protests in the Islamic world by men that are claiming their rights. It is not surprising that in the Western world it is especially women that convert to Islam and not men. These ladies know better.

What then is the woman supposed to do? Linda leaves us in the dark. Also throughout the remainder of her expositions will she keep everything close to the vest.





End of Part 4

ETUDE DE L’ISLAM
Les femmes dans l'Islam selon Linda Bogaert : partie 4
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Texte en anglais

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